i.            Language Translation Tools

BABEL FISH TRANSLATION TOOL

Chinese-English Dictionary
two way dictionary offering translations between both english and chinese
Czech-English Dictionary
two way dictionary offering translations between english and czech, and vice versa
Esperanto Hypercourse
introductory course to the the international language esperanto
Foreign Language for Travelers
site offers online language translating dictionaries and useful travel information
German-English Dictionary
you can translate words and idioms from english to german and vice versa
Hawaiian Dictionary Online
quick online english translations of more than 5,000 hawaiian words
Hebrew: A Living Language
resource site for one of the world's oldest languages
Hellenistic Greek Linguistics
helpful info about the dialect of Greek spoken between 300 b.c. and 600 a.d.
Hungarian-English Dictionary
get instant translations between hungarian and english
The Internet Living Swahili Dictionary
collaborative work by people all over the world
Japanese Language Learning Web
commercial site offers links to cybertutorials of japanese language learning
Latin Grammer Aid and Wordlist
latin dictionary and grammer reference from the university of notre dame
Maltese-English Dictionary
basic dictionary listing english word meanings for common maltese words
The Portuguese Language
site provides history and information about an ancient language of latin origins
Quotations Home Page
enormous collection of quotations of the humorous and serious nature
Shtetl, Yiddish Language and Culture
reference resource of the virtual shtetl offers linguistic and cultural information
Spanish-English Dictionary
offers translations, word definitions, and idioms of spanish from english
Swedish-English Dictionary
online english to swedish language translator
Universal Survey of Languages
project site provides a general survey of the world's languages
Urdu-English Dictionary
a powerful online urdu-english translator
A Welsh Course
online beginner's course in welsh conversation skills
Yamada Languages Guide
compilation of internet resources covering over 115 languages

Learn to Speak Spanish

Foreign Language Books

Plain Text Translator

Language Converter

CyberESL
Translate text, on-line, from one language to another

Bookswithoutborders.com Audiotapes

Welcome to Multilingual Books & Tapes

Adventurous Traveler Bookstore Language Tapes

Welcome to Berlitz World

Foreign Language Learning Resources CALL

Language Quest Software

·         ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts - Library of Congress

·         L'Académie française - "Fondée en 1635, sous le règne du roi Louis XIII, par le Cardinal de Richelieu, est une des plus anciennes institutions de la France." Offers a searchable database of current and past Académie française members (Les Immortels). Provides "la liste des 696 académiciens français depuis l’origine, avec mention de leur date d’élection, de leur prédécesseur et de leur successeur, la biographie et la bibliographie des académiciens vivants."

·         Accents, Diacriticals and Special Language Characters for Foreign Languages - Instructions and links to other resources prepared by the (from the CBB Mellon Foreign Language and Technology Consortium).

·         African Language Sites - Lauren Rosen, University of Wisconsin, Madison

·         Alliance Française - Paris

·         American Association of the Teachers of French (AATF) - Provides links to other resources.

·         American Association of Teachers of German (AATG)

·         American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages (AATSEEL)

·         American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL)

·         American Overseas Digital Library - An organization of 15 Participating Libraries. There is online access to the library catalogue. Their E-Books for Overseas Research include Wolof, Mandinka and Pulaar language books.

·         Antologia (frammentaria) della Letteratura Italiana - Riccardo Scateni

·         Anthologie de Poésie Francophone - Jean Pierre Rosnay

·         ARTFL Project - Project for American and French Research on the Treasury of the French Language, University of Chicago.

·         L'Assemblée nationale - Paris.

·         Association canadienne d'éducation de langue française (ACELF)

·         Association of Departments of Foreign Languages (ADFL)

·         Basic Phrases for Central & Eastern European Languages - Timothy Kroll

·         Athena: Authors & Texts - Liinks to full-text resources in English, German, French, Italian, Swedish, Russian, Spanish and Latin (and possibly others).

·         Austrian Newspapers Online (ANNO)

·         Badosa EP - Electronic publisher of texts in Spanish, Catalan, French and English

·         Babelfish - Alta Vista translation technology. Provide either plain text or the address (URL) of a Web page to translate. Similar resources: FreeTranslation.com and Gist-in-Time

·         Berlitz International

·         BiblioOnLine

·         Bibliothèque de l'ABU - Searchable French e-texts, ranging from Balzac to Zola, listed alphabetically by author. l'Association des Bibliophiles Universels (ABU) provides over 288 full-texts for more than 101 French authors. The site is searchable and also provides access to several dictionaries, including Lorédan Larchey's Les Excentricités de la langue française, and Dictionnaires électroniques.

·         British Council - Offers Learn English Online in 12 languages. They have offices in 243 towns and cities in 110 countries.

·         BUBL LINK - Language - BUBL Information Service, Andersonian Library, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, Scotland.

·         La Camera dei Deputati - Italian Parliament. Allows you to listen to RealAudio debates. In Italian only. (Requires RealPlayer, sound card and speakers or headphone.)

·         Center for Applied Linguistics - "Private, non-profit organization applying research information about language and culture to educational, cultural, and social concerns."

·         Center for Buddhist Studies - With Sanskrit Lessons, Pali Lessons and Tibetan Lessons.

·         Instituto Cervantes / Centro Virtual Cervantes - In Spanish. In Cartagena Literaria you can listen to audio files (in Spanish).

·         Chinese Language Information Page - Carlos McEvilly

·         Civilisation Française - Interactive French lesson with RealAudio was developed by Marie-J. Ponterio, Lecturer of French International Communications and Culture Department, SUNY College at Cortland.

·         Classical Language Instruction Project - Samples of Greek and Latin prose read by scholars. Homer, Plato, Pindar, Virgil, Tacitus, Horace, Ovid, Seneca and Propertius. Maintained by Christian Wildberg, Classics, Princeton University.

·         ClicNet - French language site at Swarthmore provides a valuable collection of links to Dictionnaires et Lexiques.

·         Club des Poétes - Jean-Pierre Rosnay

·         Collected French Poetry - From the Oxford Book of French Verse, Selected by St. John Lucas, 1908; Bibliomania

·         Délégation générale à la langue française - "A pour mission de veiller à la promotion et à l'emploi du français sur le territoire national, de favoriser son utilisation comme langue de communication internationale et de développer le plurilinguisme, garant de la diversité culturelle"

·         Department of East Asian Languages - University of California, Berkeley

·         Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse - Short articles on people, places and themes in Swiss history. The articles are Available in French, German and Italian and there is a Information about the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland in English. Hosted by the Swiss Nationial Library and published under the auspices of the Swiss Academy of Humanities and the General Swiss Society of Historical Research, the work will eventually contain 35,000 entries. For example, there are entries (in French) for George Gordon Noel Byron, Napoleon, the Alps and Bibliothèques.

·         Digital Dante Project - Institute for Learning Technologies, Columbia University

·         Directory of Resources for Foreign Language Programs - Directory of national associations, professional organizations, state foreign language offices, funders, publishers of language learning materials, centers, clearinghouses, instructional materials Web sites, online publications, databases, regional conferences, and listservs. (Made available by the National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education and the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics.)

·         10-15 - Magazine for teenagers (in French), written by students from l'Académie de Clermont-Ferrand.

·         Electronic Text Center - University of Virginia holdings include texts in French, German, Latin, Chinese, Japanese and Russian.

·         Electronic Text Collections in Western European Literature - James Campbell, Western European Specialists Section, Association of College and Research Libraries.

·         Electronic Texts on the Internet Ordered by Language - Columbia University Libraries

·         ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics

·         Ethnologue - Languages of the World - Catalogue of more than 6,700 languages spoken in 228 countries, edited by Barbara F. Grimes, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Dallas, Texas.

·         Florilège: Anthologie hypertextuelle de la Poésie Française - This anthology of French poetry, accessible by author, date, theme or form, is provided by Xian (who is also responsible for Ouébographie Poétique, an excellent collectiction of links to French poetry resources).

·         Fluent Tibetan: An Interactive Tibetan Language Tutorial - Alex Chapin.

·         Foreign Language Instructional Technology Group - University of Virginia forum for the discussion and promotion of foreign language education. Provides Resources by Language, including French, German, Spanish, Italian & Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese, Slavic, and Greek & Latin.

·         Foreign Language Learning Center - Southern Methodist University

·         Foreign Language Resource Center - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has links for Catalan, French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.

·         Foreign Language Teaching Forum - Integrated service for FL teachers located at SUNY Cortland provides foreign language teaching methods including school/college articulation, training of student teachers, classroom activities, curriculum, and syllabus design.

·         Foreign Languages for Travelers - Travlang.

·         Forschungsinstitut für Deutsche Sprache:Deutscher Sprachatlas - Universität Marburg project to digitize Georg Wenker’s linguistic atlas, Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reichs. (You can read the project description in English.)

·         Français Interactif: First Year French - Video-based first year French program developed at the University of Texas

·         France 3: Les journaux en vidéo

·         Francopholistes - L'annuaire des listes de diffusion francophones

·         FranceLink - Links to online radio and television in France

·         Frantext - French dictionary project with nearly 2000 full-texts drawn from various centuries and disciplines; Trésor de la Langue Française Informatisé (TLFI)

·         French Institute/Alliance Française - New York

·         French Literature Resources - Bobst Library, New York University

·         French Tutorial - Helio

·         Gallica: Images et Texts du XIX Siècle Francophone - Vast resource from the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Some of the resources include the photographs of Eugène Atget, images of bridges, ethnographic illustrations from 19th century books, access to the Dictionnaire du Moyen Français as well as to texts in the fields of History, Political Science, Law and Economics, Literature, Philosophy, Science and History of Science.

·         German Literary Texts Online - James Campbell, University of Virginia Library; see also Library and Internet Resources for Germanic Languages and Literatures

·         Goethe-Institut - Provides links to Goethe-Institut world-wide.

·         Le grand dictionnaire terminologique - "Un ouvrage de référence unique rassemblant un fonds terminologique d'envergure de 3 millions de termes français et anglais dans 200 domaines d'activité."

·         Le Guide Video - France 2 Internet

·         Hachette.net - "Le meilleur de l'Internet et 100 millions de pages web à explorer." Comprehensive, selective and searchable French Internet directory.

·         Hapax: French Resources on the Web - Dedicated to the promotion of French world-wide. Hapax is maintained by Angelo Metzidakis, a professor of French at Sweet Briar College in Virginia and links to French-related resources on the Web of interest to university-level teachers and students.

·         Human-Languages Page - Tyler Chambers maintains this comprehensive catalog of over 1800 language-related Internet resources.

·         Institute of Translation and Interpreting - Independent professional association of practising translators and interpreters in the United Kingdom.

·         Internet Resources for Germany - Compiled and maintained by Barbara Bernhart, the links focus on travel, business, language, history, arts and education.

·         Internet Resources: Western European literature - Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Scandinavian, and Spanish - College & Research Library News, April 2001.

·         Internet Resources for Language Teachers and Learners - Comprehensive directory of Internet resources from the CTI Centre for Modern Languages in the UK. Provides a Site Map.

·         Kanji Alive - "Free online tool for learning to read and write Kanji."

·         Kentucky Classics - Site maintained by the University of Kentucky Classics Department provides a wealth of information for teachers and students of Latin and Greek.

·         Language Learning Resource Center - Carnegie Mellon

·         Language Learning Technology Center at Georgetown

·         Learn Spanish - Spanish Learning Resources. Lessons 1-12 have RealAudio drills

·         Learning Latvian Online - Rita Vitols, Codefusion, Toronto

·         Less Commonly Taught Languages Project - Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA), University of Minnesota. Provides collections of links to organizations and to additional resources

·         Letteratura:Le letterature del mondo - Marco Calvo

·         Liber! Liber! - Has a Biblioteca: i libri on-line.

·         Library Catalogs Around the World - University of Virginia Library. See also Thomas Dowling's Libweb: Library Servers via WWW, John W. East's National Library Catalogues Worldwide, Gabriel's National Libraries of Europe, IFLA's WWW Accessible National Libraries of the World and Library Web-Based OPACS by Peter Scott and Doug Macdonald.

·         LingNet - The Linguists' Network - Army's Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC) in Monterey, California

·         Dicionário Universal da língua Portuguesa (Língua Portuguesa On-Line) - Portuguese dictionary

·         Lingu@NET: Virtual Language Centre - Maintained by two UK government-funded organisations, the site provides "quality-assured information and materials for language teachers and learners."

·         Linguist List - "Dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world. LINGUIST maintains a web-site with over 2000 pages and runs a mailing list with over 17,000 subscribers worldwide. LINGUIST also hosts searchable archives of over 100 other linguistic mailing lists and runs research projects which develop tools for the field, e.g., a peer-reviewed database of language and language-family information, and recommendations of best practice for digitizing endangered languages data."

·         Linguistics Resources on the Internet - International Linguistics Center

·         LOGOS Dictionary - Freely-accessible database, updated and maintained by a network of professional translators, currently has over seven million entries.

·         Lost and Found Sounds - NPR series on sound artifacts from this century (lost languages, vanished dialects, extinct speech). Has a Archives of past shows.

·         Maya Site at Odense University - "Beta version of a fully searchable database composed of the data published in John Dienhart's 3-volume work, The Mayan Languages- A Comparative Vocabulary (Odense University Press, 1989) is now on-line. It contains more than 40,000 entries."

·         Ministère des Affaires étrangères (France) - Provides access to France Magazine, in English or in French.

·         Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra - Asunción López provides biography and complete works (in Spanish).

·         Multilingual Web at the ACF - New York University's Academic Computing Facility "provides links to worldwide multilingual computing resources on the Internet, gives an overview of the technical issues, offers tools for browsing and publishing on the Web in dozens of languages."

·         Mundo Latino

·         Ñandutí: Early Foreign Language Learning - "Resource website for parents, teachers and administrators that provides up-to-date information on early start/long sequence foreign language programs." Collaborative effort of the Center for Applied Linguistics in connection with the Foreign Language Initiative of the Northeast and Islands Regional Educational Laboratory at Brown University (LAB)

·         National Film Board of Canada | Office National du Film du Canada - Provides a searchable Database of a collection of over 10,000 titles, including a French Film Collection.

·         l’Office québécois de la langue française - Quebec government site which deals with the regulations and compliance issues for the Charter of the French language (Charte de la langue française). Provides useful Ressources linguistiques consisting of Le Grand dictionnaire terminologique and La banque de dépannage linguistique. In Le Signet ("moteur de recherche vous propose 6 000 fiches bilingues dans le secteur des technologies de l'information) you can find Internet Terminology (terminologie d'Internet) with illustrations and links to French search engines (Moteurs de recherche en français).

·         Omniglot: a guide to writing systems - Simon Ager of Brighton (UK) has created a "guide to over 200 different alphabets, syllabaries and other writing systems." Your name in... provides links to sites that will translate your name into a variety of languages and scripts.

·         Online TV-Radio Broadcast Directory - Links to broadband broadcast (streaming media) worldwide

·         Ouébographie Poétique - Excellent collection of links to French poetry resources is provided by Éditions du Moulin Veste. (See also their Florilège: Anthologie hypertextuelle de la Poésie Française).

·         La Página del Idioma Español - Ricardo Soca

·         Plumb Design Visual Thesaurus - "An exploration of sense relationships within the English language. By clicking on words, you follow a thread of meaning, creating a spatial map of linguistic associations."

·         Poésies de Stéphane Mallarmé (1842-1898) - Denis Constales

·         Poésie française - Over 2000 French poems, from the Renaissance to the twentieth century, with some available in RealAudio.

·         République Internationale des Lettres - "Un journal mensuel d'informations culturelles, de débats intellectuels et de critique littéraire"; Provides browsable archives.

·         Queens Library WorldlinQ - "Multilingual Internet Web based information system, developed by Queens Borough Public Library...in three language modules, Chinese, Korean, and Spanish."

·         Rivendell International Communications - Provides links to RealAudio Language Stations and to Online Language Dictionaries and Translators.

·         Robert Desnos - (From Club des Poètes.)

·         Romance Languages Resource Page - University of Chicago

·         Say Hello to the World Project - Internet Public Library site teaches you to say "hello" in over 30 different languages, and includes links to resources on languages, cultures, and language learning

·         Selecció de poesia catalana

·         Semetic Studies - Heidelberg University Department for Languages and Cultures of the Near East. The Semetic Languages Archive and Sound Documents contain audio files.

·         Serveur France diplomatie

·         Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas (SSILA) - They offer Journal Contents: A comprehensive listing of articles on American Indian Languages in more than 100 journals (1988-present) which is searchable by keyword, a Dissertation & Thesis Index, Book Announcements, a catalog of Learning Aids, organized by Indian languages or groups of languages, Internet Links and the SSILA Bulletin in pdf format.

·         Stochastic Language Identifier - Will attempt to identify automatically the language of a sentence, phrase, or word of your choosing.

·         Surfez Le Net: Your Francophone Guide to the Web - Learner Online's annotated list of French web sites, arranged by subject. (Provided for users of the French in Action video series.)

·         Tamil - Ram S. Ravindran offers instructions in basic Tamil, a widely spoken language in southern India and Sri Lanka. Hear the language in RealAudio.

·         Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) - Has a Student Resource Center.

·         Tom's Spanish Web Page - Tom Duggan, a Spanish teacher at St. John's High School, has gathered a collection of Spanish language links.

·         Translator's Home Companion - Tony Roder & Dave Lakritz

·         Turkish Poetry Homepage

·         UCLA Language Materials Project - Learning resources for less commonly taught languages of the world Languages include Creole, Swahili, Zulu, Kyrgyz, Arabic, Thai, Belarusian and Annamese.

·         Université Stendhal - Grenoble. Provides access to online catalog

·         Viteliu - Languages of Ancient Italy Vocabulary of Basic Terms for Cataloguing Costume - With illustrations and available in German, English and French. Provided by the ICOM International Committee for the Museums and Collections of Costume and hosted by mda on-line.

·         Web of On-line Dictionaries - Comprehensive dictionary site includes foreign language, acronyms, thesauri, grammars, and specialized with links to more than 800 dictionaries in 150 different languages. There's also a Web of On-line Grammars, both developed by Robert Beard, Bucknell University.

·         Western European Specialists Section (WESS) - Association of College & Research Libraries, section provides annotated resource guides for the following subjects: Classic Studies, Medieval & Renaissance, French Studies, German Studies, Great Britain and Ireland, Iberian Studies, Italian Studies, and Scandinavian Studies.

·         World Wide Web Virtual Library: Audio - Jonathan Bowen maintains these "pointers to information on computer-based audio sound and associated software available around the world." Has a good list of Broadcasters from around the world.

·         xlation: Resources for Translation Professionals - Links to 1,600 glossaries and over 60 online grammars.

·         Yale Library Selected Internet Resources: Languages & Literature

·         Yamada Language Center - University of Oregon site's Language Guides is a "definitive guide to language resources on the World Wide Web." Interactive Internet-Based Language Learning is a collection of Internet Resources such as MOOs, MUD's, MUSHes, Internet Relay Chat, Real Audio, Maven (audio conferencing), and Cu-SeeMe (video conferencing).

Reference : Grammar/Style Guides
The Elements of Style
the bartleby project at columbia offers william strunk's classic primer on grammer/style
Grammar and Style Notes
linguistic compendium on proper grammatical rules and style
Grammar Lady
works to stamp out bad grammar, while offering answers to your grammer questions
The Internet Writing Journal
articles and helpful guides to improve the writing of online publishers
Modern Language Association of America (MLA)
promotes the study/teaching of language and literature, while offering a style guide
Researchpaper.com
valuable tools to assist students in writing a research paper
World Wide Words
highlights english language history, quirks, curiosities, and evolution